The unique property of carbon to form bonds with other carbon atom giving rise to large molecules is called catenation. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Describe in brief the cleansing action of soap. [CBSE 2015], Write the next homologous of each of the following: (i) C2H4 (ii) C4H6 [CBSE 2016], Write the molecular formula of (i) methane (ii) ethanol [CBSE2017], Which type of compound can be formed by carbon? 2C2H6 + 702 → 4CO2 +6H2O +Heat +Light. CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COO C2H5 + H2O 3. Silicon also exhibits the property of catenation. The detailed, step-by-step solutions will help you understand the concepts better and clear your confusions, if any. The reaction is C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g). CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK 2. [CBSE 2013], A mixture of ethyne and oxygen is burnt for welding. group The vertical column of the periodic table; groups have similar valence electron structure and similar chemical and physical properties. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. While a covalent compound contains covalent bond the ionic compound is made up of ionic bond which is formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to the other. List its any two characteristics. On adding water this micelles containing dirt are washed away and our clothes are washed clean. In this chapter, the students will learn the classification of alcohols, phenols, and ethers. This will clear students doubts about any question and improve application skills while preparing for board exams. Answers of 1 mark questions are given in one word or one sentence, 2, 3 or 5 marks questions are also answered properly point wise. Following questions contains five marks each. Carbon is found in the free state as Silicon forms compound which have chains like carbon. On addition of NaOH to D gives back B and C. Identify the A, B, C, D. Write the reactions involved. C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH 4. Therefore, it forms strong bonds with other elements. Saturated hydrocarbons: A hydrocarbon in which each carbon atom is attached to four other atoms is known as saturated hydrocarbon. Difference in properties of covalent and ionic compounds: (i) Covalent compounds are formed by sharing of electron while ionic compounds are obtained by transfer of electrons. Mention the essential conditions for the reaction and state the change in physical properties with the formation of the product. [CBSE 2016], When ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid in the presence of conc. [CBSE 2015], With the help of an example explain the process of hydrogenation. Explain in brief two main reasons for carbon forming a large number of compounds. Table of Contents. (ii) Covalent compound do not conduct electricity while ionic compound do. Branching decreases boiling point. When a flame is brought near it. Boiling points increase as the number of carbons is increased. Carbon is found in the atmosphere, inside the earth’s crust To prevent its use for human consumption, it is made unfit for drinking by adding a poisonous substance like copper sulphate. [CBSE 2012], NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physical Education, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physical Education, CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Session 2020-2021, CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Session 2020-2021, 10th Science Chapter 4 Important Questions, Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Intext Questions, 10th Science Chapter 4 Exercise Solutions, Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Board Questions, JEE Main Answer Key 2021: Dates, How to Download and Score vs Rank, How Quarantine is Disrupting the Teenage Experience, Useful Tips To Score Good Marks On Programming Assignments. (ii) Carboxylic group. (ii) It has the functional group if any, (iii) The member of a homologous series that’s why homologous have similar chemical properties. Carbon is present in compounds like carbonates, hydrogen Every year in board exam one question related to functional group is always asked. H2SO4, a substance with fruity smell is produced. wood, coal, charcoal, coke, petroleum, natural (ii) Identifying the functional group in the compound and name the compound by adding the prefix or suffix to the base name. (vi) The members of a homologous series show a gradual change in their physical properties with increases in molecular mass. If there are double or triple bonds the ending in the base name will be ‘ene’ and ‘yne’ respectively. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Board Questions divided into sets of one mark, two marks, three marks and five marks questions. [CBSE 2012], Name the functional group present in the following compound: (i) CH3COOH (ii) CH3COCH3 [CBSE 2012], Write two member of the homologous series given below: C2H6, C3H8 [CBSE 2012], How would you name the following compounds? Give one example. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction showing the types of energies liberated. [CBSE 2017], Why do carbon form largest numbers of compounds? Nitrogen does not have the property of burning ethyne. Characteristics: 1. (b) Ethane burns in air to form carbon dioxide and water. Why do soaps not form lather in hard water? (c) Reaction between methane and chlorine in the presence of sunlight is a substitution reaction because hydrogen atoms in methane are successively replaced or substituted by chlorine atoms. Question and answers of last 5 years’ board papers with complete explanation are given at one place. The compound that contain the same molecular formula but different structures are called structural isomers. We have prepared all the answers as per the CBSE board guidelines. Test 2: Reaction with sodium hydrogen carbonate: Take 2 ml of saturated liquid solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate in a test tube. Carbon atom has a small size and this enables its nucleus to hold on the shared pair of electron quite strongly. Such compound does not produced ions. Write two example each. Download NCERT Books for all classes and Offline Apps 2020-21 based on new CBSE Syllabus 2020-21. [CBSE 2013], Name the substance used for oxidation of ethanol and the compound formed an oxidation. This is how hydrogenation is carried out. Give two reasons. These hydrocarbons are also called alkanes. Add a little of the unknown sample into it and shake. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. The isomers of a compound have different physical properties. Answer the following: (i) State the class of compound to which the fruity smelling compounds belong. [CBSE 2012], Write the name of the saturated hydrocarbon having two carbon atom. Soap are sodium or potassium salt of long chain carboxylic acids. gas, biogas, marsh gas etc. Carbon is present in fuels like Therefore, carbon tetrachloride is not a good conductor of electricity. This form an emulsification in water. This is how the cleansing action of soaps is described. Important Concepts of Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 alcohols, Phenols Our exclusive siRNAdesign algorithm, licensed from Rosetta Inphamatics, has been optimized with over 3 years of continuous development for … In other less formal contexts, an alcohol is often called with the name of the corresponding alkyl group followed by the word "alcohol", e.g., methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Board Questions of Carbon and its Compounds are given below. (See Safer Choice Criteria). Compound formed by silicon are few and are not so reactive. [CBSE 2016], A compound A(C2H4O2) reacts with Na metal to form a compound B and evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound. [CBSE 2015], (a) Give a chemical test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Selina solutions for Concise Chemistry Class 10 ICSE chapter 12 (Organic Chemistry) include all questions with solution and detail explanation. Mentions the forms in which it is available there and also its percentage. Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues. Carbon has two unique features: (i) It is tetravalent. 1. State any four properties in which covalent compound differ from ionic compounds. This is because unsaturated hydrocarbon contains double or triple bonds. Carbon is found in the atmosphere and earth’s crust. Ethanoic acid is formed on oxidation. [CBSE 2013], Write the number of covalent bond in the molecule of ethane. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Detergent is being preferred to soap because these form lather even with hard water and have better cleaning action. Everyone is allowed here to asked questions or reply to the questions already asked. 606 Pages. Unsaturated hydrocarbon- ethene (C2H4), ehyne (C2H2). Cleaning action of soap: The ionic end of soap dissolves in water while the carbon chain dissolves in oil. The percentage of carbon in the air is 0.03% and in the earth crust it is present to the extent of 0.02%. If m mol of propene are present initially, there must be 15m mol of O2. If still there is any error, please contact us for modification. First member of the series is C2H4(Ethene) Second member of the series is C3H6(Propene). List their three characteristic properties. Similarly, it has no tendency to gain electrons. Two main resources for carbon forming a large number of compounds are given below: Catenation: It is the property of carbon to link with other carbon atoms to form straight chain, branched chain or cyclic compounds. heat of reaction The amount of heat released or absorbed by a reaction. A mixture of ethyne and oxygen undergoes complete combustion and high temperature is attained suitable for welding. [CBSE 2012], List two characteristic feature of carbon are which when put together give rise to a number of carbon compound. What are R groups? [CBSE 2013], Explain why carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bond. Detergents are not biodegradable substances. (iv) Covalent compounds possess lower melting and boiling point compared to ionic compounds. (1993) 31. The two features are: Catenation and tetra-valency. (i) Fruity smelling compounds belong to the class of ester. (a) 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 (b) 2O3 → 3O2 (c) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3COONa + C2H5OH (d) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O → H+ CH3COOH + C2H5OH 42 | Chemistry-XII 10. Write the chemical reaction for the equation and the chemical name of the product. Therefore, less heat will be produced if we burn ethyne and air for welding purposes. [CBSE 2015], List two tests for the experimentally distinguish between an alcohol and carboxylic acid and describe how these tests are performed. 2. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Unsaturated hydrocarbons: Hydrogens containing either a carbon double bond (C=C) or a carbon-carbon triple bond in their molecules are called unsaturated hydrocarbon. List any two characteristic of a homologous series. They have a long hydrocarbon chain which is water repelling and a short ionic part which is water attracting. Give reason to justify the statement. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids while detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. Provide feedback and suggestions to improve the contents and NCERT Solutions in Hindi and English Medium. Carbon is present in compounds like carbonates, hydrogen carbonates etc. Solubility in a particular solvent shows a regular gradation. Characteristics of homologous series are: (i) It has a general formula in term of number of carbon atoms. Hence, it is an oxidation reaction. It shares these four electrons with four electrons from four other monovalent atoms. [CBSE 2018], Why does only carbon exhibit property of catenation and form large number of compounds with other elements? (b) Name the products formed when ethane burns air. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Next higher homologue of HCOOH is CH3COOH. Carbon tetrachloride is a covalent compound. Find the training resources you need for all your activities. [CBSE 2013], Give two example of covalent bond compound which you have studied. Difference lies only in the hydrocarbon part. The compounds A, B, C, D are given as under: A = CH3COOH B = CH3COONa C = C2H5OH D = CH3COOC2H5, The reactions are explained as under: 2CH3COOH + 2Na → 2CH3COONa + H2 CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O CH3COOC2H5 + H2O → CH3COOH + C2H5OH. (c) Concentrated sulphuric acid acts as a catalyst in the esterification reaction. The atomic number of carbon is 6, its electronic arrangement is 2,4, it has 4 valence electrons. (iii) Alcohol supplied for industrial purpose is mixed with copper sulphate. In your opinion why cannot we use a mixture of ethyne and air for this purpose? For example, butane with molecular formula, C4H10. (b) Structural difference- Saturated hydrocarbon have all its carbon connected to each other by only single bond whereas in unsaturated hydrocarbons there are one or more double or triple bonds between two carbon atoms. Why are they different from ionic compounds? You can change your ad preferences anytime. CBSE Board year is also mentioned in front of each question. Covalent compounds are the compounds that contain covalent bonds in the molecule. Change in physical properties: Oils are liquid while the fats obtained on hydrogenation are solid that’s why a physical state take place on hydrogenation. [CBSE 2013], “Carbon tetrachloride is not a good conductor of electricity”. Specifically, a chemical with this code is not associated with a low level of hazard concern for all human health and environmental endpoints. This is so called because this reaction is used in the preparation of soap. Carboxylic acid C2H5OH Hydroxyl -OH KMnO4/H+ / K2Cr2O7/ H+ n-butane 2-methylpropane 23. [CBSE 2012], (a) What are hydrocarbons? A homologous series in a group or family of compounds which contain the same functional group but have different chains lengths thus these have the same chemical properties but different physical properties but different physical properties that vary in a regular manner. (iv) Various homologous can be prepared by the general method of preparation for the series. Saturated hydrocarbon having to carbon atom is ethane. Answers are given point wise. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. (ii) In the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid, the number of oxygen atoms increases and the number of hydrogen atoms decreases. (c) State the role of concentrated sulphuric acid in an esterification reaction. (v) Two successive (adjacent) homologous differ by 1 carbon atom and 2 hydrogen atoms in their molecular formulae. Soap molecules form a micelle around dirt (oil) whose outer parts are directed towards water. Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry Coursebook 2nd Edition carbonates etc. Let’s have a closer look:. Tetravalency; Carbon has four electrons in the outermost shell. Trend #1: The Relative Strength Of The Four Intermolecular Forces What is the difference between ethanol & ethanoic, No public clipboards found for this slide. The water attracting group in a synthetic detergent usually a sodium sulphonate group (SO3-Na+) or sodium sulphate group(SO4-Na+) The cleaning action of soap and detergent are similar. Whereas air is mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. What is the difference between them? Test 1: Reaction with sodium: Two one ml of the sample in a test tube. and in all living organisms. Carbon dioxide when pass through lime water turns milky. This is why carbon forms strong bond with most other elements and the compounds formed are exceptionally stable as compared to covalent bond formed by other elements. Saturated hydrocarbon- methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6). Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. 2. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. The bonds so formed are single covalent bonds. The phenomenon in which two or more compounds having same molecular formula may exist with different structural formulae is called isomerism. 35. (b) Mention the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. This increases the number of compounds of carbon. That it shares with other atoms. If bubbles of hydrogen are seen the sample is alcohol otherwise it is a carboxylic acid. [CBSE 2016], What is homologous series of carbon compound? Oxygen can burn ethyne into carbon dioxide and water with the production of heat. (iii) Alcohol supplied for industrial purpose is cheap. It completes its octet buy sharing the electrons other atoms. Thus chemically these they are not different. (i) Alcoholic group. [CBSE 2018], Explain why it is difficult to wash clothes with soap when water is hard? Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Ethanol and ethanoic acid are example of covalent compound. Its name is ethanoic acid or acetic acid. Hard water contains chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium which react with soap to form insoluble scum. [CBSE 2012], Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon giving one example each. Detergents are ammonium and sulphonate salt of long chain carboxylic acids. The ionic end of soap dissolves in water while the carbon chain dissolves in oil. (a) Saturated hydrocarbons give a clean flame on burning while unsaturated carbon compounds will give a yellow flame with a lot of black smoke. Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry Coursebook 2nd Edition. Its chemical formula is C2H6. Compound with the formula CH2 does not exist. What are some examples? Carbon has no tendency to lose electrons easily. Characteristics of covalent compounds: (i) These compound show low melting and boiling point because the intermolecular forces are weak. Thus, carbon forms a large number of compounds containing 2, 3, 4, 5…. If you have any doubt, first solve using NCERT Books otherwise please visit to discussion forum and ask your doubts. If there are double or triple bonds the ending in the base name will be ‘ene’ and ‘yne’ respectively. The above two feature enables carbon to form a large numbers of compounds with varying size, shape that’s why carbon atom has long chain or even are arranged in branches or rings. (ii) Such compounds are poor conductor of electricity. Carbon is present in fuels like wood, coal, charcoal, coke, petroleum, natural gas, biogas, marsh gas etc. Conversion of an oil into fat by passing hydrogen gas in the presence of nickel as catalyst is called hydrogenation. (i) Carboxylic acid group (ii) Ketonic group. (ii) Conservation of ethanol to ethanoic acid is an oxidation reaction. C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Homologous series General formula Functional group Member , example Alkane CnH2n + 2 , n = 1,2.. diamond, graphite, fullerenes etc. It can hold strongly the four pairs of electrons. Carbon has the tendency to form bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and halogens. [CBSE 2013], Apart from organic beings whereas do we find carbon? (a) Compound containing carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbon example methane (CH4). ERV3, one of the most studied HERVs, is thought to have integrated 30 to 40 million years ago and is present in higher primates with the exception of gorillas. Soap molecules form micelle where one end of the soap molecule is linked to the oil droplet while the ionic part faces water. [CBSE 2012], Both soap and detergent are some type of salts. Most dirt is oily in nature. This page includes all the questions related to last ten years CBSE papers and CBSE sample papers from chapter 4 of class 10 science for the preparation of CBSE Exams 2020-21. (ii) It has the property of catenation. Such compounds are unstable because the four valences of carbon atom are not satisfied by linking to four atoms. They complete the four valences in addition reaction. Therefore, carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bonds. etc., carbon atoms. In the periodic table from left to right in a period, the atomic volume (a) decreases (b) increases (c) remains same (d) first decrease then increases. Explain the cleaning action of soaps. 2SO4 in this reaction. Sigma and Rosetta Inpharmatics, a recognized leader in Bioinformatics, have partnered to take RNAi research to the next level. Thus, they may cause water pollution. Studyres contains millions of educational documents, questions and answers, notes about the course, tutoring questions, cards and course recommendations that will help you learn and learn. A Survey of the Representative Elements The Group 1A Elements 880 Hydrogen 883 The Group 2A Elements 885 The Group 3A Elements 888 875 CHEMICAL IMPACT Boost Your Boron 889 19.6 The Group 4A Elements 890 CHEMICAL IMPACT Concrete Learning 892 … Carbon forms strong bonds with most other elements: This is because carbon has a small atomic size. Your feedback is always a helping hand for us. Therefore, soap is not able to perform its cleansing action. They may affect the skin. Add a small dried pieces of sodium metal into it. H2SO4 acts as a dehydrating agent and removing the water formed in the reaction. Charged ends of theses will not for precipitate with calcium and magnesium present in hard water. A covalent bond is formed by sharing of electron between atoms. [CBSE 2015], (a) Give reasons for the following: (i) Unsaturated hydrocarbons show addiction reaction. Compound A on treatment with an alcohol C in the presence of an acid forms a sweet smelling compound, D(C4H8O2). Taken together, the observation of genome conservation, the detection of transcript expression, and the presence of conserved ORFs is circumstantial evidence for a functional role. The structure of synthetic detergent is similar to that of soaps. 3. Alkaline KMno4 or acidified K2Cr2O7 is used for oxidation of ethanol. Also write its chemical formula. (ii) State the role of conc. [CBSE 2012], Define homologous series of carbon compounds. (iii) If there are only carbon atom single bonds, the ending in the base name will be ‘ane’. Give the name of the following functional groups: (i) –OH (ii)-COOH [CBSE 2007], Name the fourth member of the alkaline series. Because of tetra-valency carbon atom in its compound are linked by single, double or triple bonds. [CBSE 2011], Name an element other carbon which exhibits the property of catenation upto seven or eight atoms Are these compound stable? Why does carbon form strong bonds with most other elements? The influence of each of these attractive forces will depend on the functional groups present. On the other hand, soaps will form a precipitate with calcium and magnesium ions present in the hard water. [CBSE 2015], Write chemical equation of the reaction of the ethanoic acid with the following: (i) Sodium (ii) Sodium hydroxide (iii) Ethanol [CBSE 2016], What are covalent compounds? List two problems that arise due to the use of detergents instead of soaps. R group usually means an alkyl group. Single covalent bond between carbon … Carbon atom are also bonded with oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine, nitrogen and sulphur giving rise to compounds with specific properties typical of the element other than carbon present in the molecule. The reaction of an esters to react with an acid or base to give back the alcohol and carboxylic acid is called saponification. Examples of alkyl groups are methyl (-CH3), ethyl (-CH2CH3), propyl (-CH2CH2CH3), butyl (-CH2CH2CH2CH3), etc. Soaps molecules has two parts. (Hr heterogeneous Composed of dissimilar parts which can be separated easily and which are unevenly distributed in the mixture. In the atmosphere it is found as CO2 and in the earth’s crust it is found as mineral like carbonates. Write the name and formula of next higher homologous of HCOOH. In soaps water attracting part is –COONa whereas in detergent it is –SO3Na. Consider the functional group's alcohol and ether- using electronegativity determine the reactive site of the functional group and determine if it will accept or donate electrons. On adding excess water, the dirt along with the soap molecules is washed away. (b) Write chemical equation to represent the preparation of ethane from ethanol. Detergents are highly basic in nature. Compound of silicon are not stable. C2H5OH + CH3COOH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (ii) Conc. [CBSE 2012], Name any other elements which like carbon can form compounds which have chains upto seven or eight atoms. (iii) There are weaker intermolecular forces in covalent compound compared to ionic compounds. Hydrogen gas burns with pop sound. Copyright 2021 by Tiwari Academy – A step towards Free Education, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Board Questions. (c) Why is reaction between methane and chlorine in the presence of sunlight considered a substitution reaction? Discussion Forum is being maintained in such a way that every student can asked his doubts. Calculate the mole fraction of each component in the resulting mixture after oxidation assuming that the H2O is present as a gas. Ethane, which is composed, of carbon and hydrogen only has no polar group and is not water-soluble. (a) (i) Unsaturated hydrocarbons show addition reaction. A series of compound whose two successive member differ by –CH2 in the molecule formula and which shows similar chemical properties are called homologous series. [CBSE 2015], Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of homologous series having general formula CH2n. Structure of the functional group is one of the most important parts of this chapter. (i) CH3CH2CH2- C(CH3)2-CH3 (ii) CH3CH2CHO (iii) CH3CH(OH)CH3 [CBSE 2012], Specify any three rules of nomenclature of organic compounds. If evolution of carbon dioxide gas take place, then the sample is carboxylic acid otherwise it is an alcohol. [CBSE 2015], What is the difference between the molecules of soap and detergents chemically? (i) Count the number of carbon atoms in the compound and give it the base name accordingly. How do detergent help in overcoming the problem? (iii) Generally insoluble or less soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
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