Many health departments have programs that can help you stop IV drug abuse. The primary source of potential bloodborne pathogens is blood and specific bodily fluids, like semen and vaginal secretions. In fact, there have been no documented cases of HIV transmission from tattooing or body piercing. Bloodborne Pathogens can be transmitted when blood or body fluid from an infected person enters another person's body via needle-sticks, human bites, cuts, abrasions, or through mucous membranes. Tattooing or body piercing may present a potential risk of HBV transmission; however, if equipment is properly sterilized, this risk is almost non-existent. Work practice controls are measures used to change the way work practices are carried out to ensure safety, whereas engineering controls are those measures used to isolate or remove hazards from the work environment. Non-occupational bloodborne pathogens are most commonly transmitted through: sexual contact; or; sharing hypodermic needles. Many treatments can be used to delay the onset of symptoms and keep an HIV patient feeling healthy for many years. Bloodborne pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, are present in blood and body fl uids and can cause disease in humans. Unprotected sex with someone who is infected may increase the risk of HBV transmission. Splash). Indirect contact occurs when an individual touches an item or surface that has been contaminated by pathogens from another person’s body, and these pathogens enter the person’s body via the correct portal of entry. Bloodborne pathogens are typically not spread this way. However, infectious pathogenic blood can enter your system through such ways as open sores, abrasions, cuts, acne and any sort of damaged or broken skin such as sunburns or blisters. Transmitted primarily through "blood to blood" contact. Tuberculosis is commonly spread through this type of transmission. Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms that are transmitted through the bloodstream. For a bloodborne pathogen to be spread, the bodily fluids of an infected person must enter into the Bloodborne pathogens are primarily spread through direct contact (infected blood or body fluid from an infected individual enters another person’s body via the correct portal of entry). AIDS is the stage of HIV infection when the individual’s immune system can no longer fight disease. HIV-1 is the type most people talk about when they use the term HIV. Health care workers may be at risk if they are stuck or cut with a contaminated needle, lancet or other sharp object. Not all infections are transmitted in this way. TRANSMISSION OF PATHOGENS Vaccination of all children through the age of 18 years, Vaccination of adults who may be at increased risk for infection (healthcare workers, people with multiple sexual partners, IV drug users). Limit your number of sexual partners and use latex condoms with all partners. For example, a splash of contaminated blood to your eye, nose, or mouth could result in transmission. There are a number of different ways that HIV can be transmitted from one person to another: The HIV organism cannot live outside the human body. When wearing gloves, try not to touch your face (for example, to readjust goggles or a mask. As with the other Hepatitis infections, HCV is most often transmitted through repeated exposure to infected blood. The bloodborne pathogens of primary concern are Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV. Early treatment may prevent infection. You should know that, although hand sanitizers containing alcohol can greatly reduce the number of pathogens on your skin, they cannot remove all pathogens. Needle stick). A large majority of HCV infections results in chronic disease and many of these people will have liver disease. Blood; 2. ANSWER Bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids by: Sexual contact. Sharing personal care items such as razors, toothbrushes or other items that might harbor HBV may present a risk for infection. Droplet transmission occurs when a person coughs or sneezes and pathogens are inhaled by another person, or are deposited on items or surfaces touched by another person. These and other bloodborne pathogens are spread primarily through: Direct contact. To time yourself, sing the “Happy Birthday” song twice. Infected blood or body fl uid from one person enters another person’s body at a correct entry site, … However, infected blood or body fluids can enter your system percutaneously through: Bloodborne pathogens can also be transmitted through the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth. When a person is first infected with HIV, there may be no symptoms. Blood Pathogens: Definition Blood pathogens are infectious diseases that can be transmitted through blood and other human bodily fluids. Rinse your hands thoroughly under warm running water. A doctor who specializes in HIV treatment to prevent or delay the development of AIDS must monitor the HIV positive person. In the workplace, bloodborne pathogens are transmitted primarily through mucous membranes, such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth; or through broken skin, such as cuts or scrapes. All that’s left to do is pass the multiple choice examination. Any body fluid which is visibly contaminated with blood. Once exposed to and infected by the Hepatitis B virus, symptoms will appear in six weeks to six months. Lastly, be sure to dispose of your gloves in the appropriate receptacle. This short-term infection can lead to a long-term, chronic Hepatitis B infection if the disease is not treated and the virus remains in your body. Hands should be washed before and after providing care, even when gloves are worn. However, it is important that anyone who is at risk should be tested for the virus. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. When attending to spill or cleaning equipment, keep the following in mind: No matter how careful we are, accidents can occur. Use of dirty needles. Make sure to include what you did immediately after the event. Bloodborne pathogens can also be transmitted through the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth. The bloodborne pathogens of primary concern are hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV. There are also many ways that bloodborne pathogens are not transmitted. The majority of people infected with HCV usually have only mild clinical symptoms. These T cells are critical in helping your body fight disease; when these T cells are destroyed, your body becomes ‘immunocompromised’ or more susceptible to other diseases. The spread of these viruses from one person to another in healthcare settings is rare, but can occur. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Wounds, such as a puncture by a sharp object, can also cause broken skin. Because of this mode of transmission, the same groups are at risk for HCV infection. They are called HIV-1 and HIV-2. Since the virus was first identified in the United States in the early 1980’s, two types of HIV viruses have been identified. Even your eyes, nose and mouth are pathways for bloodborne pathogens to enter your body. Such pathogens can also sometimes be passed through open sores, or through needle sharing among people who use intravenous drugs. HIV can be transmitted through medical or dental practices. Transmission of BBPs Bloodborne pathogens can enter your body through: Contaminated instrument injuries A break in the skin (cut, lesion, etc.) It cannotbe spread by insects, saliva, tears, casual contact, sharing dishes or utensils, or breathing air around an HIV infected person. However, there is currently no cure for HIV and AIDS. Also, semen, vaginal secretions and saliva in dental procedures are considered potentially infected body fluids. For workers who may be exposed, Cerebrospinal fluid (colorless liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord). Occupational bloodborne pathogens are most commonly transmitted through: puncture wounds from a sharp or contaminated object, such as broken glass; or Workers in healthcare-related fields and certain other occupations can be exposed to extremely dangerous viruses such as AIDS and hepatitis that are primarily transmitted through contact with blood (bloodborne pathogens). Disposable gloves are meant to be discarded after a single use. HBV can be transmitted through medical or dental practices if the doctor or dentist does not practice the safety standards recommended by the CDC and OSHA. on October 16, 2020. For more information about Hepatitis click here: www.liverfoundation.org Congratulations! Blood is defined as human blood, human blood components and products made from human blood. Bloodborne Pathogens can be transmitted when blood or body fluid from an infected person enters another person’s body via needle-sticks, human bites, cuts, abrasions, or through mucous membranes. Intravenous drug users who share needles, syringes, or other equipment used to prepare drugs are at increased risk for HBV transmission. Latex condoms are very effective at preventing infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. The mode of transmission for HBV is very similar to the way HIV is transmitted including: As with HIV, HBV cannot be spread by insects, saliva, tears, casual contact, sharing dishes or utensils, or breathing air around an HBV infected person. Although it is known that bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted through mucous membrane exposure, there are no known instances of a bloodborne pathogen being transmitted by … Start studying Unit 5A- Bloodborne Pathogens. Bloodborne pathogens such as HBV and HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected human blood and other potentially infectious body fluids such as: Semen (the viscid, whitish fluid from the male) Vaginal secretions (fluid from the female cervix). Handwashing is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of pathogens. Hepatitis B is a bloodborne liver disease that results from infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Make a written report of the incident, including the date, time of event and the circumstances surrounding the event. Most people with new HCV infection do not have symptoms. Direct blood to […] Scrub vigorously for at least 20 seconds. Transmitted through contact with blood or other bodily fluids. The Hepatitis B virus can live up to a week on a dried environmental surface. The blood supply and tissues for donation in the United States undergo many tests to ensure that they do not harbor the HIV virus; therefore, the risk of receiving contaminated blood in the U.S. is very slim. You’ve reached the end of the course. Types of Bloodborne Diseases Hepatitis B is caused by infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Change gloves when they are heavily soiled when working with a patient, and NEVER use the same gloves to care for two different patients. Personal protective equipment is used to minimize exposure to bloodborne pathogens and may include gloves, gowns, masks or goggles and others. Needle stick). People with chronic HBV infection may have no symptoms or may have very severe symptoms. Bloodborne pathogens such as HBV, HCV and HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected human blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) as defined below. Don’t forget under your nails, between your fingers and the backs of your hands. Tattooing or body piercing may present a potential risk of HIV transmission; however, if equipment is properly sterilized, this risk is almost non-existent. For more information about AIDS click here: www.aegis.com then click on “the basics”. Indirect contact occurs when an individual touches an item or surface that has been contaminated by pathogens from another person’s body, and these pathogens enter the person’s body via the correct portal of entry. Some people may have vague symptoms that mimic the flu – fever, malaise, and headache. Goggles- protect the eyes; should fit snugly around and over eyes; eyeglasses are not a substitute for goggles, Face shields- protect the eyes, mouth, nose and face; should cover the forehead and should wrap around the sides of the face; should also extend below the chin, Gowns/aprons- protect clothing and skin; may be reusable or disposable; should be resistant to fluid penetration, Masks- protect the mouth and nose; should fully cover nose and mouth; should be resistant to fluid penetration, Respirators- protect the respiratory tract from airborne agents, such as influenza (the flu); may be half or full face; particulate respirators protect against tiny particles; full respirators have an air source; some respirators must be fit tested, PPE should be donned before coming in contact with the patient, PPE should be removed carefully at the doorway or just outside the patient’s room- respirators should be removed once you are outside the room, Hands should be washed immediately after removing PPE, When donning PPE, don in the following order: gown, mask, goggle/face shield, gloves (use common sense! However, there is a very remote risk of infection through blood transfusions and tissue donations. Infants born to infected mothers are at risk since the virus can be passed from mother to child particularly during the birth process. Although Hepatitis B can lead to death, the good news is that there is a vaccination to prevent the disease. ), Gloves are always donned last and should extend over the cuffs of an isolation gown, When removing PPE, remove in the following order: gloves, goggles/face shield, gown, mask/respirator, Grasp the outside edge of one glove near the wrist, Pull the glove down the hand and turn the glove inside out, Hold the glove in the opposite gloved hand, Slide an ungloved finger under the wrist edge of the remaining glove, Pull off from the inside, creating a bag for both gloves, Discard both gloves in the appropriate receptacle, Removing and disposing of PPE as soon as possible after use, Isolating areas of contamination to prevent others from being exposed, Disposing of sharps in puncture-proof biohazard containers, Avoiding unnecessary spraying, splashing or spattering of blood or other potentially hazardous materials, Avoiding eating, drinking or applying cosmetics in areas where contamination might occur, Disinfecting/cleaning soiled work areas or surfaces, Protect others by blocking off the area with cones or ropes to prevent others from inadvertently walking through the contaminated area, Clean up spills immediately, or as soon as is feasible under the circumstances, using the appropriate cleansers/disinfectants, Do not pick up needles or broken glass with your gloved hands- use a broom and dustpan or other items to prevent punctures or cuts, When using absorbent material to clean up a biohazardous material, dispose of the absorbent material in a biohazard container, Flood the contaminated area with disinfectant (i.e. Natural condoms do NOT provide the same level of protection so be sure the condoms are latex. HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sex or sharing intravenous drug devices. These include tears, feces, urine, nasal secretions, sputum, saliva, sweat and vomit, and 3. Symptoms of HBV infection may include: Transmission of HBV can be reduced or prevented by: Fortunately, vaccination rates are high among infants and children. Blood transfusions with infected blood used to be the most common method of transmission. These viruses are usually transmitted through exposure to blood, but you may also be exposed through other body fluids. For example, when changing a patient’s dressing you might wear only gloves. If you are an IV drug user, get treatment to help you stop drug use. It is everyone’s responsibility to maintain a clean and safe environment. You should also be mindful of protecting yourself and others. However, there are other bodily fluids that may contain bloodborne pathogens, especially if they are visibly contaminated with blood. Bloodborne pathogens are primarily transmitted through: 1. Human immunodeficiency virus is one of the common bloodborne pathogens. Symptoms may vary by age. Both types of HIV destroy T cells in the body. Sharing of needles. Some, like herpes and HPV , are spread from skin to skin rather than through blood and other bodily fluids. Once you complete the course, complete the multiple-choice exam to receive your certification card. These and other bloodborne pathogens are spread primarily through: Direct contact. Any body fluid with blood is potentially infectious. Sexual contact is another example of a mechanism for spreading certain bloodborne pathogens. Although handwashing might seem like a fairly straight-forward procedure, many people do not wash their hands correctly. However, vaccination rates are still low in high-risk adults. Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes), Liver cancer (typically with chronic disease). Contact between mucous membranes or broken skin and infected body fluids (e.g. For example, most children under the age of 5 years may be asymptomatic with infection; as many as half of the adults over the age of 25 years will have early symptoms. When dealing with a victim of a motor vehicle collision with multiple trauma, you might be required to wear gloves, a gown and a mask. Intravenous drug users who share needles, syringes, or other equipment used to prepare drugs are at increased risk for HCV transmission. If symptoms do occur, they may be identical to symptoms of HBV infection including: In order for infection to occur, there are four conditions that must be met. Bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted through: Accidental punctures and cuts with contaminated sharp materials (e.g. Although the risk is low, any worker who receives such an injury should follow the policy at their place of employment. Bloodborne pathogens spread in one of four primary ways: Direct contact: Infected blood, or other bodily fluid, transfers directly from one person to another. Unprotected sex with someone who has HIV will increase the risk of HIV transmission. Hepatitis B is transmitted primarily through "blood to blood" contact. Bloodborne pathogens are those organisms that are carried in the blood and are capable of causing disease. Selection of PPE is based on the type of possible exposure. Infected blood or body fl uid from one person enters another person’s body at a correct entry site, … _____ is the primary way Bloodborne Pathogens are transmitted from one person to … a. Intravenous drug users who share needles, syringes, or other equipment used to prepare drugs are at increased risk for HIV transmission. If you continue to inject drugs, always use clean needles and do not share any of the drug use equipment with anyone else. The viruses that cause Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) are two examples of bloodborne pathogens. The most common bloodborne pathogen infection in the U.S. is Hepatitis C virus (HCV). For example, bloodborne pathogens are not transmitted by: Mucus membranes (eyes, nose, mouth) Other modes Photo by Jason Rogers in Creative Commons Photo by Sharonoa Gott in Creative Commons Do not touch others or environmental surfaces excepting those that must be touched to provide care. First, you should know your HIV status through testing. Health care workers who care for an HIV patient may be at risk if they are stuck or cut with a contaminated needle, lancet or other sharp object. As a bloodborne pathogen, HBV is found mainly in blood, but may also be found in other body fluids. Sexual contact. Since screening of all blood products is so rigorous, this mode of transmission is almost unheard of in the United States. When equipment is soiled or there has been a spill of a potentially hazardous substance, it is important to clean and remove the biohazardous substance immediately. This contact is primarily through contaminated needles, syringes, or other sharp instruments. Infants born to HIV infected mothers are at risk since the virus can be passed from mother to child particularly during the birth process. Despite the fact that the current medications used for HIV are effective in improving the health of the infected person, treatment must continue for the person’s lifetime. Also, semen, vaginal secretions and saliva in dental procedures are … Any body fluid with blood is potentially infectious. Dry your hands with a clean paper towel (or air dry them). BBP can be transmitted through the contact of any mucous membrane with infected blood; this mucous membrane can be found in the eyes, mouths, and noses. Pathogens are not transmitted through casual contact like shaking hands. Unprotected sex and sharing razors and toothbrushes with an infected person CAN transmit HCV, but these modes of transmission are much more uncommon. Bloodborne Pathogens can be transmitted when blood or body fluid from an infected person enters another person’s body via needle-sticks, human bites, cuts, abrasions, or through mucous membranes. People with HIV may appear to be healthy for months or years after infection. Most HBV infections continue to occur in these groups. If you are in a high-risk group, you should be tested on a regular schedule as established by your doctor. Hands should be washed in the following fashion: When there is no ready access to water, alcohol hand rubs may be used. It is a serious matter to be exposed to a bloodborne pathogen, and its important that you take the proper steps if exposure occurs. Screening of pregnant women and treatment of infants born to HBV infected mothers. Through casual contact, such as shaking hands or hugging b. Airborne transmission. Bloodborne pathogens are viruses and bacteria that are found in the blood and can be transmitted via blood. Also called HIV, this is the virusthat causesacquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Let’s look at the different types of PPE used to protect against the transmission of bloodborne pathogens: Not all of these must be worn at the same time. T or F: the only way bloodborne pathogens are spread is through direct contact with contaminated blood. If you think you have been exposed to HIV, get medical treatment from a clinic or private physician in your area. You can access the link to the practice exam and final exam at the bottom of this page, Watch Complete Bloodborne Pathogens Video Training, https://www.nationalcprassociation.com/courses/bloodborne-pathogens-certification, Which bloodborne pathogens are of greatest concern, How bloodborne pathogens can enter the body, The importance of handwashing and PPE (personal protective equipment) in protecting against infection and reducing the spread of bloodborne pathogens, Practices that can reduce the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, How to remove disposable gloves safely and appropriately, What you should do if you are exposed to a bloodborne pathogen. Splash). bleach and water) and allow it to stand for at least 10 minutes to kill any pathogens, Wash uniforms between wearings and wash according to the manufacturer’s instructions, Wash the contaminated area thoroughly with soap and water; if your mouth and nose, For eye exposure, irrigate the eyes with clean water or normal saline for 20 minutes many workplaces have eye wash stations for this purpose, Report the incident immediately to your supervisor, See a medical professional (EMS or a physician) according to your workplace protocol. Thus, bloodborne pathogens can enter through any place that skin is broken, such as a cut, sore, blister, or even acne. QUESTION What are the ways infectious microorganisms known as bloodborne pathogens which cause disease in humans, are transmitted? Blood pathogens can result in the transmission of bloodborne diseases from an infected person to a non-infected person if the required exposure controls and precautions are not followed. Some bloodborne pathogens can also be transmitted through contact with other bodily fluids, like cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, vaginal secretions, and semen. HIV, HBV and HCV are spread by contact with the blood of an infected person. Through saliva not contaminated with blood, such as in kissing someone c. By getting infected blood into a mucous membrane, such as getting an infected person's blood in an open cut d. All of the above Know where spill kits, disinfectants and other cleanup agents are located in your workplace. Therefore, HIV prevention should start with steps to eliminate those risky behaviors. For example, blood splashes from a person infected with a pathogen into the mouth of another individual. These are: Bloodborne pathogens are primarily spread through direct contact (infected blood or body fluid from an infected individual enters another person’s body via the correct portal of entry). Common bloodborne pathogens that cause disease in humans include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV), and Hepatitis C (HCV). Extensive research into HIV and AIDS has led to the development of combinations of medications that allow many people with HIV to live decades before developing AIDS. Among all of the bloodborne diseases, HCV is the one that is least likely to be transmitted through sexual contacts; however, it CAN be transmitted sexually. Occurs when droplets or small particles contain infectious agents that remain effective over time and distance in the air. Although it is usually spread through blood, other body fluids from a person infected with the Hepatitis B virus can also cause the disease. How Bloodborne Pathogens are Transmitted. Alcohol hand rubs should contain at least 60% alcohol. It is easy to become complacent when wearing gloves, so it is important to remember that gloves are not 100% effective. 200 North Monroe St., Eugene, Oregon • 541-790-7700, Buena Vista Spanish Immersion Elementary School, Charlemagne French Immersion Elementary School, River Road/El Camino del Río Elementary School, Yujin Gakuen Japanese Immersion Elementary School, Marriage, Divorce and Domestic Partnerships, Benefits During Serious Illness or Disability, Public Employees Retirement System (PERS), Tax Sheltered Annuity (TSA) Plan – 403(b), Classified Benefits & Wellness Newsletter, Administrators, Professionals & Supervisors, Board All Students Belong Work Group Meeting, Free COVID-19 Testing Clinic / Pruebas de COVID-19 gratis, Virtual Meeting: Camas Ridge School Design Begins, Back to School Update: Timeline for Hybrid Learning, 4J Employee Receives Top Latinx Educator Award.
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